881 UAFJ01 NFFN 131300 NIL  808 UXUS97 KREV 131305 SRGREV SOARING FORECAST NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE - RENO NV 700 AM PDT MON APR 13 2026 THIS SOARING FORECAST IS FOR THE EASTERN SIERRA AND WESTERN NEVADA WITH SPECIFIC INDICES FOR THE GREATER RENO AREA. THIS FORECAST IS PREPARED DAILY BY 700 AM AND IS NOT UPDATED. FOR CURRENT FLIGHT CONDITIONS...FORECASTS...AND ADVISORIES...ACCESS YOUR LOCAL BRIEFING OUTLET OR FLIGHT SERVICE STATION. ******************************************************************* FORECASTED LOCAL INDICES FOR RENO: TODAY YESTERDAY FORECASTED MAX TEMP AT RENO (DEG F)..... 57 50 FORECASTED TRIGGER TEMPERATURE (DEG F).. 42 42 EXCEEDED YESTERDAY BY 1155 AM PDT FORECASTED MAXIMUM ALTITUDE (FT MSL).... 17400 13600 FORECASTED SOARING INDEX (FPM).......... 1092 738 FORECASTED K-INDEX.........VALID 18Z.... 18 27 FORECASTED K-INDEX.........VALID 00Z.... 19 27 FORECASTED LIFTED INDEX....VALID 18Z.... 4 0 FORECASTED LIFTED INDEX....VALID 00Z.... 3 0 AFTERNOON WINDS ALOFT FORECAST MSL (FT) WIND/TEMP 9000 3311/-02 10000 3311/-04 12000 3311/-10 14000 1113/-14 16000 0616/-18 18000 123/-23 24000 0233/-36 30000 0136/-52 34000 3626/-53 39000 3017/-52 SLIDE MOUNTAIN DATA: Date Time Temp Dewpt RH Wind (mph) (F) (F) | Dir Speed Gust 2026-04-13 05:20 19 18 97 | 018 3 4 2026-04-13 05:00 19 18 97 | 018 4 5 2026-04-13 04:50 19 19 97 | 105 4 5 2026-04-13 04:30 19 19 97 | 256 4 5 SIERRA CREST 8700 FT DATA: Date Time Temp RH Wind Dir Speed Gust 2026-04-12 2300 20 97 270 15 26 2026-04-12 2245 20 97 270 13 21 2026-04-12 2230 20 97 270 11 22 2026-04-12 2215 20 97 270 11 17 RENO TAF FORECAST: KRNO 131120Z 1312/1412 VRB06KT P6SM BKN070 FM132300 32010KT P6SM BKN120 FM140800 VRB05KT P6SM SCT070 CARSON CITY TAF FORECAST: KCXP 131120Z 1312/1412 VRB03KT P6SM VCSH OVC030 FM131400 VRB03KT P6SM BKN070 FM132200 33009KT P6SM BKN120 FM140600 VRB04KT P6SM SCT070 MINDEN TAF FORECAST: KMEV 131120Z 1312/1412 VRB06KT P6SM OVC050 FM132200 31009KT P6SM BKN120 FM140600 VRB05KT P6SM SCT070 OUTLOOK FOR THE RENO-CARSON CITY-MINDEN AREA: .TUESDAY...Sunny. Highs 59 to 64. Light winds becoming west around 10 mph in the afternoon. SUNRISE AND SUNSET APRIL 13 2026.........SUNRISE 625 AM PDT SUNSET 735 PM PDT APRIL 14 2026.........SUNRISE 623 AM PDT SUNSET 736 PM PDT  626 UXUS97 KGJT 131306 SRGGJT Soaring Forecast National Weather Service Grand Junction, Colorado 706 AM MDT Monday, April 13, 2026 This forecast is for Monday, April 13, 2026: If the trigger temperature of 49.0 F/9.5 C is reached...then Thermal Soaring Index....................... Good Maximum rate of lift........................ 772 ft/min (3.9 m/s) Maximum height of thermals.................. 19085 ft MSL (13476 ft AGL) Forecast maximum temperature................... 65.0 F/18.8 C Time of trigger temperature.................... None Time of overdevelopment........................ 0900 MDT Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... Broken/overcast opaque middle Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less Height of the -3 thermal index................. 14642 ft MSL (9033 ft AGL) Thermal soaring outlook for Tuesday 04/14...... Poor Wave Soaring Index............................. Not available Remarks... Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:39:42 / 19:49:27 MDT Total possible sunshine........... 13 hr 9 min 45 sec (789 min 45 sec) Altitude of sun at 13:14:34 MDT... 59.97 degrees Upper air data from rawinsonde observation taken on 04/13/2026 at 0600 MDT Freezing level.................. 8528 ft MSL (2919 ft AGL) Convective condensation level... 9805 ft MSL (4196 ft AGL) Lifted condensation level....... 13333 ft MSL (7724 ft AGL) Lifted index.................... -6.2 K index......................... +22.4 Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -57.0 -70.6 235 43 22 1.4 0.7 M M M M M 45000 -55.0 -67.0 235 53 28 1.4 0.8 M M M M M 40000 -53.8 -64.8 230 66 34 0.7 0.4 M M M M M 38000 -53.1 -63.6 230 72 37 2.3 1.3 M M M M M 36000 -51.6 -60.9 225 82 42 2.3 1.3 M M M M M 34000 -50.1 -58.2 220 92 47 2.7 1.5 M M M M M 32000 -48.3 -54.9 220 81 42 3.0 1.7 M M M M M 30000 -46.5 -51.7 215 70 36 3.9 2.2 29.0 84.2 8.0 M M 29000 -45.1 -49.2 215 65 33 4.7 2.6 26.8 80.3 6.5 M M 28000 -43.7 -46.7 215 60 31 4.7 2.6 24.8 76.7 5.0 M M 27000 -42.3 -44.1 215 54 28 4.7 2.6 23.0 73.4 3.6 M M 26000 -40.2 -40.4 215 50 26 8.3 4.6 21.9 71.4 2.8 M M 25000 -37.7 -35.9 210 47 24 8.4 4.6 21.3 70.3 2.3 M M 24000 -35.2 -31.4 210 44 23 8.4 4.6 20.9 69.6 2.0 M M 23000 -32.6 -26.7 210 40 21 8.7 4.8 20.4 68.8 1.7 M M 22000 -30.0 -22.0 210 37 19 8.7 4.8 20.0 68.0 1.3 M M 21000 -26.8 -16.2 205 32 17 8.4 4.6 19.7 67.4 1.0 M M 20000 -24.4 -11.9 210 33 17 8.0 4.4 19.0 66.2 0.4 M M 19500 -23.2 -9.8 215 33 17 8.0 4.4 18.7 65.6 0.2 M M 19000 -22.0 -7.6 215 34 18 8.0 4.4 18.4 65.1 -0.1 1154 5.9 18500 -20.8 -5.4 215 35 18 8.0 4.4 18.1 64.7 -0.3 1103 5.6 18000 -19.7 -3.5 220 35 18 7.7 4.2 17.8 64.0 -0.6 1054 5.4 17500 -18.5 -1.3 220 36 18 7.7 4.2 17.5 63.4 -1.0 1005 5.1 17000 -17.4 0.7 220 36 18 7.7 4.2 17.1 62.8 -1.3 956 4.9 16500 -16.2 2.8 220 35 18 7.7 4.2 16.8 62.2 -1.6 906 4.6 16000 -15.1 4.8 220 35 18 7.5 4.1 16.4 61.6 -1.9 857 4.4 15500 -14.0 6.8 220 34 17 7.4 4.1 16.0 60.8 -2.3 810 4.1 15000 -12.9 8.8 220 33 17 7.3 4.0 15.6 60.2 -2.7 763 3.9 14500 -11.9 10.6 220 32 16 7.1 3.9 15.2 59.4 -3.2 717 3.6 14000 -10.8 12.6 220 31 16 7.0 3.9 14.8 58.6 -3.6 671 3.4 13500 -9.9 14.2 220 30 15 6.2 3.4 14.2 57.6 -4.1 628 3.2 13000 -9.0 15.8 220 28 15 6.2 3.4 13.7 56.6 -4.7 586 3.0 12500 -8.1 17.4 215 27 14 6.5 3.6 13.1 55.6 -5.3 543 2.8 12000 -7.1 19.2 215 26 13 6.5 3.6 12.6 54.7 -5.9 500 2.5 11500 -6.2 20.8 215 25 13 6.5 3.6 12.1 53.7 -6.4 458 2.3 11000 -5.2 22.6 210 23 12 6.6 3.6 11.6 52.8 -7.0 415 2.1 10500 -4.3 24.3 210 21 11 5.9 3.2 11.0 51.8 -7.6 373 1.9 10250 -3.9 25.0 205 21 11 6.7 3.7 10.7 51.3 -7.9 352 1.8 10000 -3.4 25.9 205 20 10 7.2 3.9 10.5 50.9 -8.1 330 1.7 9750 -2.9 26.8 205 19 10 7.4 4.1 10.3 50.6 -8.4 307 1.6 9500 -2.3 27.9 200 18 9 7.8 4.3 10.1 50.3 -8.5 282 1.4 9250 -1.8 28.8 200 18 9 7.2 4.0 10.0 50.0 -8.7 258 1.3 9000 -1.3 29.7 195 17 9 7.1 3.9 9.8 49.6 -9.0 236 1.2 8750 -0.7 30.7 195 16 8 7.9 4.4 9.6 49.3 -9.2 212 1.1 8500 -0.1 31.8 195 16 8 8.6 4.7 9.5 49.1 -9.3 186 0.9 8250 0.5 32.9 190 15 8 7.2 4.0 9.4 48.9 -9.5 160 0.8 8000 1.0 33.8 190 15 8 6.3 3.4 9.1 48.4 -9.8 139 0.7 7750 1.5 34.7 190 14 7 7.2 4.0 8.9 48.0 -10.0 117 0.6 7500 2.0 35.6 185 13 7 7.2 4.0 8.7 47.6 -10.3 93 0.5 7250 2.6 36.7 185 12 6 7.5 4.1 8.5 47.3 -10.5 70 0.4 7000 3.1 37.6 180 11 6 7.2 3.9 8.3 47.0 -10.7 45 0.2 6750 3.6 38.5 175 10 5 6.3 3.5 8.1 46.6 -10.9 23 0.1 6500 4.1 39.4 175 9 5 7.2 4.0 7.9 46.2 -11.2 1 0.0 6250 4.6 40.3 170 9 4 4.5 2.5 7.6 45.7 -11.5 M M 6000 4.7 40.5 155 6 3 -0.8 -0.5 7.0 44.6 -12.1 M M 5750 4.6 40.3 140 4 2 -1.9 -1.0 6.1 43.1 -13.0 M M 5500 M M M M M M M M M M M M 5250 M M M M M M M M M M M M 5000 M M M M M M M M M M M M * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * * 04/13/2026 at 0900 MDT | 04/13/2026 at 1200 MDT | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +2.8 | CAPE... +9.4 LI... +2.0 CINH... -3.3 K Index... +17.4 | CINH... -0.6 K Index... +20.5 | Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -57.1 -70.8 230 43 22 0.9 0.5 | -57.4 -71.3 230 46 23 1.0 0.5 45000 -55.8 -68.4 235 55 28 1.1 0.6 | -56.0 -68.8 235 59 30 1.2 0.6 40000 -57.6 -71.7 235 84 43 -1.3 -0.7 | -57.0 -70.6 235 81 42 -0.8 -0.4 38000 -56.9 -70.4 235 92 48 4.4 2.4 | -56.5 -69.7 235 89 46 3.0 1.6 36000 -54.2 -65.6 235 97 50 4.4 2.4 | -54.7 -66.5 235 96 49 3.0 1.6 34000 -51.5 -60.7 230 101 52 5.3 2.9 | -52.8 -63.0 235 101 52 6.2 3.4 32000 -48.2 -54.8 235 92 47 5.4 3.0 | -48.9 -56.0 235 92 47 6.5 3.5 30000 -44.9 -48.8 235 83 42 6.5 3.5 | -45.0 -49.0 235 83 43 7.0 3.9 29000 -43.0 -45.4 235 78 40 6.5 3.6 | -42.9 -45.2 235 79 40 7.0 3.8 28000 -41.0 -41.8 235 74 38 6.5 3.6 | -40.8 -41.4 235 74 38 7.0 3.8 27000 -39.1 -38.4 235 70 36 6.5 3.6 | -38.7 -37.7 235 70 36 7.0 3.8 26000 -36.6 -33.9 235 67 35 6.8 3.7 | -36.1 -33.0 235 69 35 6.8 3.8 25000 -34.5 -30.1 240 66 34 6.8 3.8 | -34.1 -29.4 235 68 35 6.9 3.8 24000 -32.5 -26.5 240 65 34 7.0 3.9 | -32.0 -25.6 235 68 35 7.0 3.9 23000 -30.1 -22.2 240 63 32 8.3 4.5 | -29.7 -21.5 235 64 33 7.9 4.3 22000 -27.6 -17.7 240 61 31 8.3 4.5 | -27.4 -17.3 235 61 31 7.9 4.3 21000 -25.1 -13.2 240 58 30 7.0 3.9 | -25.1 -13.2 240 57 29 6.8 3.8 20000 -23.2 -9.8 240 54 28 6.3 3.4 | -23.2 -9.8 240 53 27 6.3 3.5 19500 -22.3 -8.1 240 52 27 6.3 3.4 | -22.2 -8.0 240 50 26 6.3 3.5 19000 -21.3 -6.3 240 50 26 6.2 3.4 | -21.3 -6.3 240 48 25 6.3 3.4 18500 -20.4 -4.7 240 48 25 5.7 3.1 | -20.3 -4.5 240 46 24 5.5 3.0 18000 -19.7 -3.5 235 45 23 5.0 2.8 | -19.7 -3.5 235 43 22 4.6 2.5 17500 -18.9 -2.0 235 42 22 5.1 2.8 | -19.0 -2.2 235 40 20 4.5 2.5 17000 -18.3 -0.9 235 39 20 4.1 2.2 | -18.3 -0.9 230 36 19 5.8 3.2 16500 -17.7 0.1 235 36 19 4.2 2.3 | -17.5 0.5 230 33 17 5.6 3.1 16000 -17.0 1.4 235 33 17 5.4 3.0 | -16.6 2.1 225 30 16 7.2 3.9 15500 -16.2 2.8 230 31 16 5.8 3.2 | -15.5 4.1 220 27 14 7.5 4.1 15000 -15.4 4.3 230 28 14 6.6 3.6 | -14.4 6.1 220 25 13 7.6 4.2 14500 -14.3 6.3 230 25 13 7.4 4.0 | -13.3 8.1 215 23 12 7.8 4.3 14000 -13.2 8.2 225 23 12 7.6 4.1 | -12.1 10.2 215 21 11 7.7 4.2 13500 -12.1 10.2 225 21 11 7.9 4.4 | -11.0 12.2 215 20 10 7.6 4.2 13000 -10.9 12.4 225 19 10 8.0 4.4 | -9.9 14.2 215 18 9 7.7 4.2 12500 -9.7 14.5 225 18 9 8.3 4.6 | -8.7 16.3 215 17 9 7.7 4.2 12000 -8.5 16.7 225 17 9 8.4 4.6 | -7.6 18.3 215 16 8 7.8 4.3 11500 -7.2 19.0 225 16 8 9.0 4.9 | -6.4 20.5 215 15 8 8.4 4.6 11000 -5.8 21.6 225 15 8 8.8 4.8 | -5.1 22.8 215 14 7 8.1 4.4 10500 -4.5 23.9 230 14 7 8.4 4.6 | -4.0 24.8 215 13 7 6.8 3.7 10250 -3.9 25.0 230 14 7 8.5 4.6 | -3.5 25.7 215 12 6 7.9 4.3 10000 -3.2 26.2 230 13 7 10.4 5.7 | -2.7 27.1 220 12 6 12.4 6.8 9750 -2.4 27.7 230 13 7 10.3 5.7 | -1.8 28.8 220 12 6 11.7 6.4 9500 -1.7 28.9 235 13 7 9.0 4.9 | -1.0 30.2 220 12 6 8.9 4.9 9250 -0.3 31.5 235 12 6 9.8 5.4 | -0.3 31.5 220 12 6 10.1 5.5 9000 0.4 32.7 240 12 6 9.5 5.2 | 0.9 33.6 225 10 5 8.7 4.8 8750 1.1 34.0 240 11 6 8.6 4.7 | 1.7 35.1 225 10 5 11.4 6.3 8500 1.7 35.1 240 11 6 8.6 4.7 | 2.5 36.5 225 10 5 10.2 5.6 8250 2.4 36.3 240 10 5 7.9 4.3 | 3.3 37.9 225 10 5 8.8 4.8 8000 3.0 37.4 245 10 5 8.8 4.8 | 3.9 39.0 230 8 4 9.7 5.3 7750 3.7 38.7 245 9 5 10.2 5.6 | 4.7 40.5 230 9 5 11.5 6.3 7500 4.4 39.9 240 8 4 8.2 4.5 | 5.5 41.9 230 9 5 9.6 5.3 7250 4.9 40.8 245 8 4 5.6 3.1 | 6.2 43.2 230 8 4 7.4 4.1 7000 5.4 41.7 245 7 4 8.1 4.5 | 6.8 44.2 235 7 4 10.3 5.6 6750 6.1 43.0 240 6 3 10.1 5.6 | 7.7 45.9 230 8 4 12.3 6.8 6500 6.8 44.2 235 6 3 9.2 5.0 | 8.5 47.3 230 8 4 10.2 5.6 6250 7.5 45.5 235 6 3 9.6 5.3 | 9.3 48.7 235 7 4 9.8 5.4 6000 8.2 46.8 235 5 3 7.9 4.4 | 10.0 50.0 235 6 3 9.0 4.9 5750 8.8 47.8 230 5 2 9.1 5.0 | 10.7 51.3 235 8 4 11.9 6.5 5500 10.4 50.7 235 4 2 42.8 23.5 | 12.5 54.5 240 6 3 45.8 25.1 5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 04/13/2026 at 1500 MDT | 04/13/2026 at 1800 MDT | CAPE... +33.6 LI... -0.5 | CAPE... +40.7 LI... -0.9 CINH... -4.0 K Index... +23.0 | CINH... -17.1 K Index... +22.8 | Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -57.7 -71.9 230 47 24 1.1 0.6 | -57.4 -71.3 230 48 25 0.9 0.5 45000 -56.1 -69.0 235 61 31 1.3 0.7 | -56.0 -68.8 235 57 29 1.0 0.6 40000 -57.4 -71.3 230 77 40 -1.0 -0.5 | -56.3 -69.3 235 73 37 -0.2 -0.1 38000 -57.0 -70.6 230 84 43 2.8 1.5 | -56.0 -68.8 230 79 40 1.3 0.7 36000 -55.3 -67.5 230 91 47 2.8 1.5 | -55.3 -67.5 230 84 43 1.3 0.7 34000 -53.4 -64.1 230 96 49 6.8 3.7 | -54.3 -65.7 230 89 46 6.0 3.3 32000 -49.3 -56.7 230 88 45 6.8 3.7 | -50.3 -58.5 225 84 43 6.6 3.6 30000 -45.1 -49.2 230 80 41 7.4 4.1 | -46.2 -51.2 225 79 41 8.5 4.6 29000 -42.9 -45.2 230 76 39 7.3 4.0 | -43.8 -46.8 225 76 39 8.3 4.5 28000 -40.8 -41.4 230 72 37 7.3 4.0 | -41.3 -42.3 225 74 38 8.3 4.5 27000 -38.6 -37.5 230 67 35 7.3 4.0 | -38.8 -37.8 225 71 37 8.4 4.6 26000 -35.8 -32.4 230 65 34 7.4 4.1 | -36.6 -33.9 225 67 35 7.2 3.9 25000 -33.6 -28.5 230 64 33 7.4 4.1 | -33.9 -29.0 230 62 32 7.2 3.9 24000 -31.3 -24.3 230 64 33 7.3 4.0 | -31.7 -25.1 230 58 30 7.0 3.8 23000 -29.3 -20.7 230 60 31 6.7 3.7 | -29.8 -21.6 230 53 27 6.3 3.5 22000 -27.3 -17.1 235 56 29 6.7 3.7 | -27.9 -18.2 235 46 24 6.3 3.5 21000 -25.3 -13.5 235 52 27 6.2 3.4 | -26.1 -15.0 235 41 21 6.9 3.8 20000 -23.6 -10.5 235 46 24 6.0 3.3 | -23.9 -11.0 230 37 19 7.2 4.0 19500 -22.7 -8.9 230 44 22 6.0 3.3 | -22.8 -9.0 230 35 18 7.2 4.0 19000 -21.8 -7.2 230 41 21 6.1 3.3 | -21.8 -7.2 230 33 17 7.3 4.0 18500 -20.9 -5.6 230 38 20 6.8 3.7 | -20.7 -5.3 225 32 16 7.8 4.3 18000 -19.8 -3.6 225 36 18 7.3 4.0 | -19.5 -3.1 225 31 16 8.2 4.5 17500 -18.7 -1.7 225 33 17 7.4 4.1 | -18.3 -0.9 225 30 15 8.2 4.5 17000 -17.6 0.3 225 31 16 8.4 4.6 | -17.1 1.2 225 29 15 8.3 4.5 16500 -16.3 2.7 220 29 15 8.3 4.6 | -15.9 3.4 225 27 14 8.3 4.5 16000 -15.1 4.8 220 28 14 8.0 4.4 | -14.6 5.7 225 26 14 8.2 4.5 15500 -14.0 6.8 215 26 14 8.0 4.4 | -13.4 7.9 220 26 13 8.2 4.5 15000 -12.8 9.0 215 25 13 7.9 4.4 | -12.2 10.0 220 25 13 8.0 4.4 14500 -11.6 11.1 215 24 13 7.9 4.3 | -11.1 12.0 220 24 13 7.8 4.3 14000 -10.5 13.1 215 24 12 7.9 4.3 | -9.9 14.2 220 24 12 7.9 4.3 13500 -9.3 15.3 215 23 12 7.9 4.3 | -8.7 16.3 220 24 12 8.1 4.4 13000 -8.1 17.4 215 22 11 7.9 4.4 | -7.6 18.3 215 23 12 8.2 4.5 12500 -7.0 19.4 215 21 11 8.0 4.4 | -6.3 20.7 215 23 12 8.7 4.8 12000 -5.8 21.6 215 20 10 8.1 4.4 | -5.0 23.0 215 22 11 8.7 4.8 11500 -4.6 23.7 215 19 10 8.2 4.5 | -3.7 25.3 215 22 11 9.4 5.1 11000 -3.3 26.1 215 18 9 8.0 4.4 | -2.3 27.9 215 21 11 9.1 5.0 10500 -2.2 28.0 215 17 9 6.6 3.6 | -1.0 30.2 215 20 10 7.8 4.3 10250 -1.7 28.9 215 16 8 8.4 4.6 | -0.4 31.3 215 19 10 9.3 5.1 10000 -1.0 30.2 220 16 8 11.9 6.5 | 0.4 32.7 215 19 10 11.6 6.4 9750 -0.1 31.8 220 16 8 10.7 5.9 | 1.3 34.3 215 19 10 10.3 5.6 9500 0.6 33.1 220 15 8 8.9 4.9 | 2.0 35.6 215 18 9 9.1 5.0 9250 1.3 34.3 220 15 8 9.8 5.4 | 2.7 36.9 215 18 9 9.2 5.1 9000 2.0 35.6 225 14 7 8.0 4.4 | 4.1 39.4 220 17 9 10.0 5.5 8750 3.4 38.1 225 13 7 10.9 6.0 | 4.8 40.6 220 16 8 9.2 5.1 8500 4.2 39.6 225 13 7 10.0 5.5 | 5.5 41.9 220 16 8 9.4 5.2 8250 4.9 40.8 230 13 6 9.3 5.1 | 6.2 43.2 220 15 8 9.1 5.0 8000 5.6 42.1 230 12 6 9.8 5.4 | 6.9 44.4 220 14 7 9.2 5.1 7750 6.4 43.5 230 12 6 11.0 6.0 | 7.6 45.7 220 14 7 9.8 5.4 7500 7.2 45.0 230 12 6 9.6 5.3 | 8.3 46.9 225 13 7 9.1 5.0 7250 7.8 46.0 235 11 6 7.6 4.1 | 8.9 48.0 225 12 6 7.7 4.2 7000 8.4 47.1 235 11 5 10.1 5.5 | 9.5 49.1 225 12 6 9.1 5.0 6750 9.3 48.7 235 11 5 12.2 6.7 | 10.3 50.5 225 11 6 10.9 6.0 6500 10.1 50.2 235 10 5 10.4 5.7 | 11.1 52.0 230 10 5 10.0 5.5 6250 10.9 51.6 240 10 5 10.1 5.6 | 11.8 53.2 230 10 5 10.3 5.6 6000 11.7 53.1 245 9 5 9.0 4.9 | 12.6 54.7 230 9 5 8.2 4.5 5750 12.3 54.1 240 9 5 12.3 6.7 | 13.1 55.6 230 9 5 8.2 4.5 5500 14.4 57.9 245 8 4 53.2 29.2 | 14.6 58.3 230 7 4 42.6 23.4 5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M ________________________________________________________________________________ This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT (1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance. The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or numerical weather prediction model data taken at Walker Field in Grand Junction, Colorado at North Latitude: 39 deg 07 min 00.001 sec West Longitude: 108 deg 31 min 59.998 sec Elevation: 4839 feet (1475 meters) and may not be representative of other areas along the Western Slope of Colorado. Note that some elevations in numerical weather prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should not be used. The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in the soaring forecast. DEFINITIONS: CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the energy available for convective development, also known as the positive area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should convective activity develop. CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft, lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.) Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass, if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are produced by surface heating only. Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a "trigger temperature" for that level. Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius. Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain waves. K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158 and is reproduced in the following table: below -10 no or weak thermals -10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals 5 to 15 good soaring conditions 15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers 20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing probability of showers and thunderstorms above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate inversions. Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation. Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same level. The parcel's initial temperature is the forecast maximum temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with positive values showing stable conditions. Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation. Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index are applied to these calculations. Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature. Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger temperature and the time of overdevelopment. Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus) or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud. Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests that little sunlight is reaching the ground. Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights: 1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists) where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more 2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists) where the wind speed no longer increases with height PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA) on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring. Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached and the time of overdevelopment. Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values are indicative of thermal lift. Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following: Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating >= 800 fpm Excellent >= 400 and < 800 fpm Good >= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair < 200 fpm Poor Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena, which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur: 1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover 2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts 3. initiation of widespread precipitation Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to reach the trigger temperature. Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000 feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic. Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough movements. 042613  065 UBUS35 KWBC 131315 PIRUS BTV UUA /OV BTV/TM 1310/FLSFC/TP CRJ7/RM +/-10KTS SHORT FINAL RWY 15=  532 UBUS35 KWBC 131335 PIRUS CAK UUA /OV CAK/TM 1329/FLDURD/TP C56X/RM LLWAS +/-15KT DURD RWY 23= FSM UUA /OV XNA/TM 1325/FL030/TP E170/SK OVC032-TOP048/RM LLWS +/-10KTS ON FINAL RY16L XNA=  110 UBUS35 KWBC 131340 PIRUS FSM UUA /OV ROG/TM 1333/FL025/TP LJ45/SK OVC030/RM LLWS +/- 15 KTS ON FINAL RY 20 ROG= SNP UUA /OV 5919N17952W/TM 1336/FL360/TP B77W/TB MOD-SEV/RM ZAN=  005 UBUS35 KWBC 131345 PIRUS ROG UUA /OV KROG/TM 1353/FLUNKN/TP LJ45/SK OVC031-TOPUNKN/RM LLWS +/- 10KT DURD RY20 ROG=  006 UBUS35 KWBC 131350 PIRUS BED UUA /OV BED/TM 1348/FL005/TP CL60/TB LGT-MOD/RM LLWS DURD RWY23 +-10=